Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Results for 38 of 40 languages from this run on actest1.

Unavailable in this run: Hack, Lisp. Follow the run link for failure details.

Rust VS acton benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Sep 27 2026, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU @ 2.10GHz (Model 58)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 2140ms 43ms 38.5MB 3237ms 57ms acton 0.30.0
rust 5.rs 2161ms 12ms 33.8MB 2140ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 2212ms 49ms 49.8MB 2183ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 4.rs 2253ms 19ms 33.8MB 2230ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5.rs 185ms 4.9ms 5.7MB 173ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 4.rs 203ms 1.5ms 5.7MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 205ms 20ms 7.8MB 190ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 217ms 5.2ms 9.6MB 273ms 10ms acton 0.30.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 776ms 8.2ms 5.2MB 2963ms 60ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3-m.rs 1159ms 98ms 8.8MB 4437ms 87ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-m.rs 1841ms 27ms 8.6MB 6870ms 303ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 2252ms 19ms 9.1MB 2177ms 60ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 4.rs 3680ms 17ms 7.3MB 3663ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 13727ms 447ms 7.8MB 18197ms 12690ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-m.rs 80ms 20ms 3.2MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3-m.rs 81ms 11ms 5.8MB 260ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 128ms 4.2ms 3.9MB 113ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-m.rs 128ms 3.9ms 5.5MB 437ms 23ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 4.rs 243ms 10ms 3.3MB 233ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 879ms 7.0ms 6.2MB 1110ms 823ms acton 0.30.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 195ms 1.6ms 4.4MB 183ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 203ms 29ms 3.6MB 197ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 275ms 10ms 7.5MB 260ms 17ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 52ms 2.2ms 2.8MB 40ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 54ms 4.2ms 3.4MB 43ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 94ms 15ms 5.5MB 83ms 7ms acton 0.30.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 376ms 5.4ms 3.1MB 1437ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-im.rs 811ms 3.4ms 1.2MB 3080ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 5-m.rs 1047ms 9.5ms 1.1MB 3977ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3-i.rs 1073ms 14ms 1.1MB 1063ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-m.rs 1366ms 10ms 1.1MB 5263ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-i.rs 2458ms 53ms 1.1MB 2443ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 2906ms 17ms 1.1MB 2893ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 65939ms 148ms 5.6MB 75737ms 15533ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 3-im.rs 36ms 2.0ms 3.1MB 107ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-im.rs 72ms 1.7ms 2.2MB 243ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 5-m.rs 97ms 11ms 1.1MB 290ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3-i.rs 106ms 12ms 1.1MB 93ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-m.rs 120ms 1.4ms 1.1MB 417ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-i.rs 205ms 3.1ms 1.1MB 197ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 263ms 14ms 1.1MB 253ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4998ms 14ms 4.0MB 5640ms 1240ms acton 0.30.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 107ms 0.9ms 2.4MB 347ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 5-m.rs 125ms 2.6ms 2.4MB 427ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1c.rs 173ms 1.3ms 1.2MB 163ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 6.rs 186ms 9.1ms 1.1MB 180ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 213ms 3.2ms 1.1MB 200ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 5589ms 17ms 12.8MB 6087ms 410ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5c-m.rs 17ms 0.0ms 2.4MB 37ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 5-m.rs 18ms 1.3ms 2.4MB 33ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1c.rs 20ms 1.3ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 6.rs 21ms 1.0ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 24ms 0.5ms 1.1MB 10ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 578ms 1.5ms 15.6MB 610ms 33ms acton 0.30.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1.6ms 0.3ms 1.9MB 0ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4.5ms 1.1ms 3.8MB 0ms 0ms acton 0.30.0

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1-m.rs 402ms 47ms 74.0MB 273ms 500ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 496ms 19ms 6.8MB 940ms 253ms acton 0.30.0
rust 2-m.rs 637ms 65ms 66.2MB 390ms 877ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-http2.rs 728ms 174ms 57.0MB 1683ms 507ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-http2.rs 737ms 86ms 68.5MB 1713ms 540ms rustc 1.98.1

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 117ms 12ms 6.6MB 170ms 33ms acton 0.30.0
rust 1.rs 129ms 6.7ms 17.4MB 43ms 57ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 210ms 23ms 22.9MB 63ms 180ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1-http2.rs 331ms 74ms 24.4MB 653ms 137ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-http2.rs 556ms 55ms 30.7MB 1503ms 173ms rustc 1.98.1

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 38ms 0.7ms 7.9MB 27ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 5-i.rs 46ms 2.0ms 10.1MB 30ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 76ms 0.4ms 33.8MB 57ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 77ms 2.6ms 32.1MB 53ms 7ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 114ms 0.6ms 68.3MB 80ms 20ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 141ms 3.0ms 49.9MB 187ms 10ms acton 0.30.0

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 5-i.rs 234ms 9.0ms 54.1MB 207ms 13ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 4-i.rs 298ms 3.6ms 54.8MB 243ms 37ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 3.rs 417ms 2.9ms 239.2MB 343ms 60ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 422ms 2.7ms 239.2MB 350ms 53ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 697ms 6.0ms 551.3MB 507ms 177ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 907ms 66ms 339.4MB 1680ms 57ms acton 0.30.0

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 475ms 19ms 27.6MB 1260ms 13ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 8.rs 838ms 32ms 23.8MB 810ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 87144ms 724ms 194.2MB 135057ms 717ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8-m.rs 62ms 6.2ms 16.3MB 140ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 8.rs 100ms 1.7ms 11.6MB 83ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 8692ms 20ms 74.4MB 13153ms 433ms acton 0.30.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 44ms 3.1ms 1.1MB 33ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 70ms 7.9ms 1.1MB 60ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 1615ms 85ms 13.3MB 2107ms 187ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 202ms 23ms 1.1MB 193ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 280ms 31ms 1.1MB 270ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4706ms 236ms 6.1MB 6103ms 523ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0-unsafe.rs 28ms 0.2ms 1.2MB 20ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 46ms 2.5ms 1.1MB 37ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 828ms 11ms 11.9MB 893ms 213ms acton 0.30.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8.rs 410ms 2.4ms 4.6MB 393ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4758ms 11ms 13.7MB 5307ms 233ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 8.rs 21ms 1.5ms 1.1MB 13ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 211ms 5.6ms 12.3MB 213ms 20ms acton 0.30.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 1084ms 8.3ms 33.8MB 1060ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4999ms 46ms 83.6MB 6123ms 57ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 1.rs 212ms 3.5ms 9.8MB 197ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 1097ms 13ms 31.2MB 1333ms 33ms acton 0.30.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 221ms 1.1ms 1.1MB 210ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 7-i.rs 333ms 4.8ms 1.1MB 320ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 361ms 3.0ms 1.1MB 350ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 484ms 2.9ms 1.1MB 473ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 4728ms 31ms 6.0MB 5217ms 733ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 4-i.rs 24ms 0.3ms 1.1MB 17ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 7-i.rs 36ms 0.4ms 1.1MB 23ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 39ms 0.7ms 1.1MB 30ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 52ms 0.8ms 1.1MB 43ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 478ms 5.0ms 12.1MB 517ms 73ms acton 0.30.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 656ms 18ms 6.6MB 640ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 1035ms 16ms 40.8MB 1010ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 8124ms 92ms 725.4MB 10360ms 120ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 129ms 12ms 2.8MB 117ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 212ms 36ms 11.7MB 193ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 1965ms 40ms 250.3MB 2377ms 47ms acton 0.30.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 2314ms 44ms 2.8MB 2230ms 70ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 5009ms 46ms 14.3MB 6123ms 1420ms acton 0.30.0
rust 1.rs 10361ms 53ms 3.3MB 8747ms 1587ms rustc 1.98.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 2.rs 506ms 4.3ms 2.5MB 493ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 1277ms 11ms 7.7MB 1540ms 373ms acton 0.30.0
rust 1.rs 1997ms 8.8ms 2.8MB 1823ms 157ms rustc 1.98.1

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 594ms 1.7ms 80.5MB 683ms 7ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act timeout (120s) — — — — acton 0.30.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7.rs 69ms 1.7ms 11.0MB 63ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 12513ms 174ms 101.1MB 20447ms 570ms acton 0.30.0

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 177ms 4.7ms 1.1MB 167ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 2238ms 23ms 1.1MB 2223ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 5761ms 42ms 4.0MB 6240ms 873ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 0.rs 46ms 1.1ms 1.1MB 37ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 1.rs 562ms 1.3ms 1.1MB 550ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 1453ms 25ms 4.0MB 1557ms 220ms acton 0.30.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 3024ms 23ms 2.2MB 11890ms 10ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 7.rs 5535ms 8.5ms 1.1MB 5527ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-m.rs 5819ms 1.9ms 2.4MB 22997ms 13ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 11036ms 18ms 2.1MB 11023ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 105769ms 1188ms 5.7MB 163880ms 10223ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 747ms 2.9ms 1.1MB 2903ms 7ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 7.rs 1386ms 2.3ms 1.1MB 1377ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-m.rs 1459ms 0.7ms 3.1MB 5733ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 2762ms 2.0ms 1.1MB 2750ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1-m.act 26160ms 70ms 8.7MB 38903ms 3493ms acton 0.30.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
rust 7-m.rs 189ms 0.4ms 3.1MB 697ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 7.rs 351ms 1.2ms 1.1MB 340ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2-m.rs 368ms 0.3ms 1.2MB 1410ms 3ms rustc 1.98.1
rust 2.rs 693ms 2.4ms 1.1MB 680ms 0ms rustc 1.98.1
acton 1.act 6035ms 45ms 4.4MB 7950ms 1010ms acton 0.30.0