Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Results for 38 of 40 languages from this run on actest1.

Unavailable in this run: Hack, Lisp. Follow the run link for failure details.

D VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Sep 27 2026, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU @ 2.10GHz (Model 58)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 794ms 80ms 581.9MB 1017ms 130ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 2842ms 6.4ms 312.7MB 2810ms 20ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 188ms 30ms 159.7MB 233ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 304ms 39ms 209.6MB 270ms 20ms ldc2 1.43.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 3342ms 283ms 229.6MB 12590ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 1.kt 3615ms 290ms 219.6MB 4723ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 36420ms 328ms 25.7MB 36310ms 93ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 738ms 7.2ms 77.4MB 1727ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 1418ms 8.4ms 8.6MB 1397ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 1625ms 206ms 97.5MB 5807ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 5463ms 8.6ms 8.0MB 5450ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 920ms 1.5ms 7.4MB 907ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 2960ms 29ms 3.6MB 11460ms 7ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1.d 3699ms 15ms 1.7MB 3687ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-im.d 4985ms 52ms 3.6MB 19437ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1-i.d 5554ms 44ms 1.6MB 5540ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-i.d 9897ms 21ms 1.7MB 9883ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 254ms 4.0ms 3.8MB 907ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1.d 307ms 4.0ms 1.6MB 293ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-im.d 408ms 2.5ms 3.6MB 1517ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1-i.d 473ms 4.7ms 1.7MB 463ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-i.d 820ms 0.7ms 1.7MB 807ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 254ms 5.5ms 1.7MB 240ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 30ms 3.8ms 1.7MB 23ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2.4ms 0.4ms 3.2MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 87ms 4.3ms 46.2MB 136ms 12ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 95ms 1.7ms 15.9MB 103ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1371ms 105ms 176.1MB 3830ms 140ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 915ms 82ms 150.2MB 880ms 27ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3079ms 117ms 749.4MB 7240ms 250ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 1028ms 32ms 44.3MB 3027ms 13ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 136ms 9.7ms 37.2MB 347ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 149ms 2.1ms 6.8MB 143ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 284ms 4.7ms 95.4MB 503ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 389ms 13ms 99.5MB 863ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 437ms 6.1ms 7.9MB 440ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 482ms 4.8ms 201.4MB 717ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 543ms 5.7ms 209.8MB 993ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 66ms 3.1ms 6.1MB 57ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 255ms 1.9ms 91.1MB 500ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 302ms 15ms 95.4MB 693ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 511ms 11ms 7.1MB 500ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 26ms 2.0ms 1.7MB 17ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 641ms 8.2ms 676.7MB 820ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 1511ms 7.3ms 312.8MB 1477ms 30ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 250ms 11ms 205.0MB 363ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 323ms 3.5ms 312.6MB 277ms 37ms ldc2 1.43.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 592ms 1.6ms 1.6MB 577ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2.d 594ms 2.9ms 1.7MB 583ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1.kt 884ms 6.3ms 49.9MB 980ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 64ms 0.8ms 1.7MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2.d 75ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 63ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 208ms 14ms 49.7MB 297ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 967ms 5.7ms 43.2MB 943ms 10ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2.d 1100ms 6.3ms 48.1MB 1080ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 171ms 1.6ms 14.1MB 157ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2.d 236ms 2.0ms 15.3MB 220ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3332ms 74ms 8.1MB 3360ms 47ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1.kt 5427ms 177ms 419.0MB 6873ms 170ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 792ms 3.6ms 8.1MB 790ms 10ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1629ms 66ms 362.2MB 3007ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 806ms 71ms 170.2MB 1080ms 30ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1.kt 8673ms 241ms 178.9MB 9617ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 82ms 1.9ms 22.4MB 93ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1293ms 57ms 133.7MB 2110ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 5266ms 83ms 228.7MB 6800ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 6977ms 15ms 4.0MB 6983ms 33ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1750ms 44ms 260.1MB 2960ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
d 1.d 1766ms 12ms 4.0MB 1760ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 11045ms 7.1ms 3.9MB 11033ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2767ms 0.6ms 3.6MB 2760ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 701ms 11ms 3.2MB 693ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0