Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Results for 38 of 40 languages from this run on actest1.

Unavailable in this run: Hack, Lisp. Follow the run link for failure details.

D VS Crystal benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Sep 27 2026, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU @ 2.10GHz (Model 58)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2516ms 29ms 57.1MB 2487ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 2842ms 6.4ms 312.7MB 2810ms 20ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 223ms 20ms 9.5MB 207ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 304ms 39ms 209.6MB 270ms 20ms ldc2 1.43.0

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2387ms 104ms 20.1MB 2310ms 60ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 36420ms 328ms 25.7MB 36310ms 93ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 94ms 1.2ms 7.3MB 73ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 1418ms 8.4ms 8.6MB 1397ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 100ms 23ms 7.2MB 83ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 5463ms 8.6ms 8.0MB 5450ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 33ms 2.6ms 4.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 920ms 1.5ms 7.4MB 907ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 2960ms 29ms 3.6MB 11460ms 7ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 3642ms 13ms 2.5MB 3633ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 3699ms 15ms 1.7MB 3687ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-im.d 4985ms 52ms 3.6MB 19437ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1-i.d 5554ms 44ms 1.6MB 5540ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-i.d 9897ms 21ms 1.7MB 9883ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-im.d 254ms 4.0ms 3.8MB 907ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 295ms 1.0ms 2.5MB 280ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 307ms 4.0ms 1.6MB 293ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-im.d 408ms 2.5ms 3.6MB 1517ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 1-i.d 473ms 4.7ms 1.7MB 463ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2-i.d 820ms 0.7ms 1.7MB 807ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 254ms 5.5ms 1.7MB 240ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 2.cr 622ms 5.2ms 2.9MB 493ms 110ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 864ms 8.7ms 14.1MB 743ms 100ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 30ms 3.8ms 1.7MB 23ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 2.cr 78ms 5.8ms 2.9MB 57ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 94ms 2.3ms 4.0MB 70ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2.4ms 0.4ms 3.2MB 0ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 2.8ms 0.5ms 2.5MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 95ms 1.7ms 15.9MB 103ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 2.d 915ms 82ms 150.2MB 880ms 27ms ldc2 1.43.0

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 1028ms 32ms 44.3MB 3027ms 13ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1-m.d 136ms 9.7ms 37.2MB 347ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 55ms 2.8ms 2.9MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 88ms 0.3ms 2.4MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 149ms 2.1ms 6.8MB 143ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 155ms 2.1ms 2.5MB 147ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 260ms 6.8ms 2.5MB 250ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 437ms 6.1ms 7.9MB 440ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 32ms 3.0ms 2.5MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 47ms 2.2ms 2.5MB 37ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 66ms 3.1ms 6.1MB 57ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 507ms 1.0ms 9.4MB 493ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 511ms 11ms 7.1MB 500ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 26ms 2.0ms 1.7MB 17ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 27ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1329ms 15ms 65.7MB 1307ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 1511ms 7.3ms 312.8MB 1477ms 30ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 270ms 3.0ms 23.9MB 253ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 323ms 3.5ms 312.6MB 277ms 37ms ldc2 1.43.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 592ms 1.6ms 1.6MB 577ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
d 2.d 594ms 2.9ms 1.7MB 583ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 2.cr 632ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 620ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 636ms 6.6ms 3.0MB 623ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 64ms 0.8ms 1.7MB 50ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 2.cr 68ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 68ms 2.8ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 75ms 2.5ms 1.8MB 63ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 597ms 9.0ms 11.8MB 580ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 967ms 5.7ms 43.2MB 943ms 10ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 1077ms 11ms 42.4MB 1060ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 1100ms 6.3ms 48.1MB 1080ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 116ms 1.9ms 5.3MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 171ms 1.6ms 14.1MB 157ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 210ms 7.1ms 21.0MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 2.d 236ms 2.0ms 15.3MB 220ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 3332ms 74ms 8.1MB 3360ms 47ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 3508ms 129ms 5.6MB 3480ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 792ms 3.6ms 8.1MB 790ms 10ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 831ms 12ms 4.3MB 807ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 806ms 71ms 170.2MB 1080ms 30ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 3.d 82ms 1.9ms 22.4MB 93ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 6977ms 15ms 4.0MB 6983ms 33ms ldc2 1.43.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 1766ms 12ms 4.0MB 1760ms 3ms ldc2 1.43.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 11045ms 7.1ms 3.9MB 11033ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 11056ms 4.8ms 3.9MB 11043ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
d 1.d 2767ms 0.6ms 3.6MB 2760ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0
crystal 1.cr 2769ms 0.6ms 3.9MB 2757ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 699ms 4.1ms 3.5MB 687ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
d 1.d 701ms 11ms 3.2MB 693ms 0ms ldc2 1.43.0