Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Results for 38 of 40 languages from this run on actest1.

Unavailable in this run: Hack, Lisp. Follow the run link for failure details.

Crystal VS acton tip benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Sep 27 2026, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU @ 2.10GHz (Model 58)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 2062ms 22ms 38.6MB 3160ms 73ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
crystal 1.cr 2516ms 29ms 57.1MB 2487ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 201ms 14ms 9.5MB 250ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
crystal 1.cr 223ms 20ms 9.5MB 207ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2387ms 104ms 20.1MB 2310ms 60ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1-m.act 14328ms 234ms 7.6MB 18857ms 13917ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 94ms 1.2ms 7.3MB 73ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1-m.act 882ms 3.4ms 12.3MB 1173ms 810ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 100ms 23ms 7.2MB 83ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 270ms 7.0ms 7.4MB 257ms 17ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 33ms 2.6ms 4.9MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 92ms 11ms 13.3MB 80ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3642ms 13ms 2.5MB 3633ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 23248ms 106ms 4.0MB 27317ms 7127ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 295ms 1.0ms 2.5MB 280ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 1836ms 15ms 4.3MB 2147ms 547ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 622ms 5.2ms 2.9MB 493ms 110ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 864ms 8.7ms 14.1MB 743ms 100ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 1163ms 17ms 13.2MB 1090ms 167ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 78ms 5.8ms 2.9MB 57ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 94ms 2.3ms 4.0MB 70ms 7ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 141ms 7.0ms 21.2MB 120ms 17ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2.8ms 0.5ms 2.5MB 0ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 3.9ms 0.4ms 5.9MB 0ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 287ms 8.3ms 6.3MB 553ms 150ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
crystal 1.cr 4232ms 927ms 223.2MB 540ms 507ms crystal 1.11.2

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 105ms 12ms 6.4MB 80ms 37ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
crystal 1.cr 1222ms 100ms 62.3MB 63ms 77ms crystal 1.11.2

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 55ms 2.8ms 2.9MB 40ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 88ms 0.3ms 2.4MB 80ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 897ms 19ms 5.1MB 1170ms 130ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 155ms 2.1ms 2.5MB 147ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 260ms 6.8ms 2.5MB 250ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 2718ms 73ms 5.2MB 3570ms 470ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 0-unsafe.cr 32ms 3.0ms 2.5MB 23ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 47ms 2.2ms 2.5MB 37ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 439ms 8.1ms 4.0MB 517ms 113ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 507ms 1.0ms 9.4MB 493ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 2725ms 11ms 13.6MB 2797ms 33ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 27ms 0.6ms 6.1MB 20ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 121ms 1.5ms 12.1MB 110ms 7ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 1329ms 15ms 65.7MB 1307ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 4386ms 4.2ms 83.6MB 5510ms 60ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 270ms 3.0ms 23.9MB 253ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 979ms 13ms 23.2MB 1220ms 37ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 632ms 1.1ms 3.0MB 620ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 636ms 6.6ms 3.0MB 623ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 1280ms 12ms 4.0MB 1340ms 107ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 68ms 0.7ms 3.0MB 57ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 68ms 2.8ms 3.0MB 60ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 134ms 1.8ms 4.0MB 130ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 597ms 9.0ms 11.8MB 580ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 1077ms 11ms 42.4MB 1060ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 3013ms 34ms 561.4MB 3360ms 73ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 2.cr 116ms 1.9ms 5.3MB 100ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
crystal 1.cr 210ms 7.1ms 21.0MB 197ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 715ms 1.0ms 157.3MB 733ms 27ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 3508ms 129ms 5.6MB 3480ms 10ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1-m.act 3543ms 38ms 8.2MB 4797ms 1453ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 831ms 12ms 4.3MB 807ms 3ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1-m.act 893ms 20ms 7.3MB 1113ms 420ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 11056ms 4.8ms 3.9MB 11043ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 11288ms 25ms 5.8MB 11283ms 3ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 2769ms 0.6ms 3.9MB 2757ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 2892ms 8.2ms 4.8MB 2887ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
crystal 1.cr 699ms 4.1ms 3.5MB 687ms 0ms crystal 1.11.2
acton-tip 1.act 737ms 7.4ms 12.2MB 730ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45