Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Results for 38 of 40 languages from this run on actest1.

Unavailable in this run: Hack, Lisp. Follow the run link for failure details.

acton tip VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Sep 27 2026, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3687U CPU @ 2.10GHz (Model 58)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 794ms 80ms 581.9MB 1017ms 130ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1-m.act 2062ms 22ms 38.6MB 3160ms 73ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 188ms 30ms 159.7MB 233ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 201ms 14ms 9.5MB 250ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 3342ms 283ms 229.6MB 12590ms 123ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 1.kt 3615ms 290ms 219.6MB 4723ms 107ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1-m.act 14328ms 234ms 7.6MB 18857ms 13917ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 738ms 7.2ms 77.4MB 1727ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1-m.act 882ms 3.4ms 12.3MB 1173ms 810ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 2-m.kt 1625ms 206ms 97.5MB 5807ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 270ms 7.0ms 7.4MB 257ms 17ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 92ms 11ms 13.3MB 80ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

fannkuch-redux

Input: 11

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 23248ms 106ms 4.0MB 27317ms 7127ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 1836ms 15ms 4.3MB 2147ms 547ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 1163ms 17ms 13.2MB 1090ms 167ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 141ms 7.0ms 21.2MB 120ms 17ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 3.9ms 0.4ms 5.9MB 0ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 87ms 4.3ms 46.2MB 136ms 12ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

http-server

Input: 3000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 287ms 8.3ms 6.3MB 553ms 150ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 2-m.kt 9841ms 283ms 341.7MB 32387ms 3343ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 1-m.kt 11376ms 242ms 433.1MB 37790ms 4520ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 105ms 12ms 6.4MB 80ms 37ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 2-m.kt 3791ms 276ms 249.0MB 11797ms 810ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 1-m.kt 3917ms 180ms 275.4MB 12153ms 857ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 117ms 9.3ms 50.9MB 157ms 13ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 1371ms 105ms 176.1MB 3830ms 140ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 895ms 36ms 338.8MB 1890ms 70ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 3079ms 117ms 749.4MB 7240ms 250ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 45269ms 137ms 177.1MB 60153ms 433ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 4678ms 30ms 67.7MB 6573ms 183ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 284ms 4.7ms 95.4MB 503ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 389ms 13ms 99.5MB 863ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 897ms 19ms 5.1MB 1170ms 130ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 482ms 4.8ms 201.4MB 717ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 543ms 5.7ms 209.8MB 993ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 2718ms 73ms 5.2MB 3570ms 470ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 255ms 1.9ms 91.1MB 500ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
kotlin 2-m.kt 302ms 15ms 95.4MB 693ms 23ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 439ms 8.1ms 4.0MB 517ms 113ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

mandelbrot

Input: 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 2725ms 11ms 13.6MB 2797ms 33ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 121ms 1.5ms 12.1MB 110ms 7ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 641ms 8.2ms 676.7MB 820ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 4386ms 4.2ms 83.6MB 5510ms 60ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 250ms 11ms 205.0MB 363ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 979ms 13ms 23.2MB 1220ms 37ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 884ms 6.3ms 49.9MB 980ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1.act 1280ms 12ms 4.0MB 1340ms 107ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 134ms 1.8ms 4.0MB 130ms 10ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 208ms 14ms 49.7MB 297ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 3013ms 34ms 561.4MB 3360ms 73ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 715ms 1.0ms 157.3MB 733ms 27ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 3543ms 38ms 8.2MB 4797ms 1453ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1.kt 5427ms 177ms 419.0MB 6873ms 170ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1-m.act 893ms 20ms 7.3MB 1113ms 420ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 1629ms 66ms 362.2MB 3007ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 8673ms 241ms 178.9MB 9617ms 70ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1-m.act 91253ms 1460ms 708.4MB 199957ms 1813ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1293ms 57ms 133.7MB 2110ms 47ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12
acton-tip 1-m.act 7551ms 187ms 122.9MB 14893ms 500ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 4706ms 37ms 4.0MB 5240ms 853ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1.kt 5266ms 83ms 228.7MB 6800ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 1195ms 8.5ms 4.0MB 1330ms 203ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45
kotlin 1-m.kt 1750ms 44ms 260.1MB 2960ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21.0.12

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 11288ms 25ms 5.8MB 11283ms 3ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 2892ms 8.2ms 4.8MB 2887ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton-tip 1.act 737ms 7.4ms 12.2MB 730ms 0ms acton 0.30.0.20260927.9.45